1.         Phillips, SA. Wallbangin': graffiti and gangs in L.A. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press; 1999.

2.         Gang Prevention Inc. People Folks: The Street Gang Identification Manual. Chicago, Illinois: Gang Prevention Inc.; 1997.

3.         Luber, JH. Can graffiti writing be successfully (with fluency and accuracy) simulated? [American Society of Questioned Document Examiners]. Ottawa, Canada, August 25 - 29; 2000.

4.         Black, JA. Hip Hop Graffiti [American Academy of Forensic Sciences]. San Antonio, Texas.

5.         Federal Bureau of Investigation. Graffiti: Taking a Closer Look. Grant, CM, trans.; 1996:p. 11-15.

6.         Bojorquez, C." Los Angeles 'CHOLO' Style Graffiti Art. http://www.graffitiverite.com/cb-cholowriting.htmlGraffiti Verite!; 2000.

7.         Kilroy was here! http://ohiohistory.org/etcetera/exhibits/kilroy/Ohio History; 3 November; 2002.

8.         Dex, M. What's the origin of "Kilroy was here?". http://www.straightdope.com/mailbag/mkilroy.html; 4 August; 2000. 3 February 2003.

9.         Hougan, J. Kilroy's New Message: Is the script for the future written on the Men's Room wall? Harper's Magazine 245:20, 22, 24, 26, November; 1972.

10.       Up against the wall; defacement of subway stations and buildings. Newsweek 79:81 - 82, 8 April; 1972.

11.       Identity things; problem of graffiti in New York and Philladelphia. Time 99:44, 13 March; 1972.

12.       Handwriting on the wall. Time 92:56, 15 November; 1968.

13.       Walker, RJ. Kilroy was here; a history of scribbling in ancient and modern times. Hobbies 73:98N-98O, July; 1968.

14.       Spray Paint and Caps. http://www.at149st.com/tools3.htmlHistory; 2003.

15.       Bellis, M. History of the can. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcan.html.

16.       Scratchiti. http://www.at149st.com/scratch.htmlHistory; 2003.

17.       Wild Style. www.at149st.com/wild.htmlHistory.

18.       Tucker, DO. Graffiti: Art and Crime. http://www-atdp.berkeley.edu/Studentpages/cflores/historygraffiti.html. 2 September 2002.

19.       Wolters, A. Graffiti: what is art, what is vandalism, what is graffiti. www.english.mnsu.edu/acs/essay/graffiti.html. 29 August 2002.

20.       Willy F. The History of New York City Graffiti. www.mapsites.net/gotham/es/_willyfriedman_es.html. 29 August 2002.

21.       Zeiler, B, co111wax@issci1.ucsd.edu. Urban Expression. http://communication.ucsd.edu/Undergrad.Classes/111A.W96/www.co111wax/paper.html. 26 August 2002.

22.       Aerosol Gods. www.angelfire.com/art/aerosolgods/home.html. 29 August 2002.

23.       Murals/Graffiti. www.salrojas.com/la_mural.html. 27 February 2003.

24.       Roman graffiti alphabet. www.devon.gov.uk/library/locstudy/0060abc.htmlRoyal Albert Memorial Museum, Archaeology Section; 29 July; 1999.

25.       Rae, J, Irael@sacsheriff.com. The Newspaper of the Streets. www.nagia.org/graffiti.html; 14 January; 2003. 24 January 2003.

26.       rr. Graffito: The Writing on the Wall. http://members.tripod.com/~Carl815/graffito.html. 24 January 2003.

27.       Nawojczyk, S. Street Gang Dynamics. http://gangwar.com/dynamics.html; 1997. 26 February 2003.

28.       Differences between tagger and gang graffiti. www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/8459/Graffiti.html. 26 August 2002.

29.       Rife, B. The writing on the wall. www.uoregon.edu/~ovoice/feb00/graffiti.html. 16 February 2003.

30.       Halsey, M, Young, A. Graffiti Culture Research Project. www.kesab.asn.au/graffiti/findings.html; March; 2002. 5 December 2002.

31.       Thiel, A, archive1@aol.com. Graffiti Lexicon. www.graffiti.org/axel/axel_6.html; 1997. 5 December 2002.

32.       Thiel, A, archive1@aol.com. Axel Thiel: Introduction to Graffiti Research. www.graffiti.org/axel/axel_4.html. 5 December 2002.

33.       Gadsby, J. Graffiti Bibliography. www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti_biblio.html. 10 September 2002.

34.       How to Photograph Graffiti. www.graffiti.org/faq/photofaq.html. 10 September 2002.

35.       A select terminology. www.creighton.edu/~spoko/brown580/reference.htmlGraffiti Paradigm--References.

36.       Chad, chad@eee.org. The Words: The Official Graffiti Glossary. www.graffiti.org/faq/graffiti.glossary.html. 17 December 2002.

37.       The Anti-Graffiti FAQ. www.dougweb.com/faq.html; 1995-1999. 16 December 2002.

38.       3M Introduces Anti-Graffiti Solution. www.3m.com/us/brands/scotchprintgraphics/pr103002graffiti.jgtmlPress Releases; 30 October; 2002.

39.       Caplan, S. Train Tags: Beyond Hobo. www.snowcrest.net/bndlstif/tag.html; 14 December; 1997. 12 November 2002.

40.       Britt Chamber of Commerce, brittcoc@ncn.net. Hobo Symbols. www.extension.iastate.edu/pages/hancock/britt/chamber/hobosymbols.html; 2 April; 1998. 25 October 2002.

41.       Hobo Signs & Symbols. www.slackaction.com/signroll.html. 25 October 2002.

42.       [www.inquiry.net/images/bbr151.gif]. 17 February 2003.

43.       [www.inquiry.net/images/bbr152a.gif]. 17 February 2003.

44.       [www.inquiry.net/images/bbr152b.gif]. 17 February 2003.

45.       Chalfant, H, Prigoff, J. Spray Can Art. London, England: Thames and Hudson Ltd.; 1987.

46.       Kurlansky, M, Mailer, N. The faith of graffiti. Westport, CT: Praeger; 1974.

47.       Savelli, L. East coast gangs. www.nagia.org/east_coast_gangs.htm. 24 January 2003.

60.       Savelli, L. Other Hispanic gangs. www.nagia.org/east_coast_mexican_gangs.htm. 24 January 2003.

61.       Olson, D. Gang communications. www.nagia.org/Gang_Communications.htm. 24 January 2003.

73.       Cometbus, A. Despite everything: a cometbus omnibus. Last Gasp of San Francisco; 2002.

74.       Buford, B. Among the thugs. New York: Vintage Books; 1993.

79.       Manco, T. Stencil graffiti. New York: Thames & Hudson; 2002.

80.       Anderson, J. Graffiti warz. Portland Tribune:A1, A2. Portland, Oregon.

81.       Anderson, J. Hot line, crews address eyesores. Portland Tribune:A3. Portland, Oregon.

82.       Tam, K. Graffiti vandal' costly scars mar downtown. The Olympian:A1, A2. Olympia, Washington.

83.       Cowan, R. Art detects visitors, then scampers away. Statesman Journal (Life):1D, 8D. Salem, Oregon.

84.       Fitzgerald, P, Shannon, J, compiled by. Gang graffiti and terminology handbook. Centralia, Washington. available at the Centralia Timberland Regional Library.

85.       Ingalls, C. local news. www.dhonline.com/articles/2003/01/03/export12.txt. Albany, Oregon: Albany Democrat Herald, 3 Jan; 2003.

86.       Hill, M. Graffiti cast new light on alphabet's origins. www.trussel.com/index.htmTrussel's EclectiCity; 22 November; 1999.

87.       KATU 2 News. Graffiti art in Portland is greeted with less than friendly fanfare. www.katu.com/news/story.asp?ID=58639. Portland, Oregon: KATU 2 News, 24 June; 2003.

88.       Nolan, R. Brazen youths leave costly tags all around town. www.registerguard.com. Eugene, Oregon: The RegisterGuard, 2 May; 2003.

89.       Heckman, D, 2004. Being in the shadow of Hollywood. http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0411/12-heckman.php. M/C Journal 7 (5), November; 2004. 3 December 2004.

90.       Artist draws 'clean' graffiti from dirty walls. www.npr.,org/features/feature.php?wfId=3379017. NPR; 2004. 15 July 2004.

91.       'Style wars': documenting graffiti artists. www.npr.org/display_pages/features/feature_1242898.html. NPR; 2003. 25 April, 2003.

92.       Del Barco, M. Profile: rerelease of the classic hip-hop documentary "style wars." http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=0FAA63A55EE8. NPR; 2003. 28 April 2003.

93.       Scott Simon. Todd Boyd discusses hip-hop and civil rights. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=0F98817FB458D. NPR; 2003. 25 April 2003.

94.       Del Barco, M. LA police chief William Bratton begins his tenure by going after graffiti taggers in the city. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=0F70DE6DD9534. NPR; 2002. 25 April 2003.

95.       handwriting examination of graffiti. #7307 [QDRAC].

96.       Torres, L. On being seduced by a flat, white wall. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California.

97.       [www.angelfire.com/pa/hellonastyg2/who.html]. 6 May 2003.

98.       [www.insaneclownposse.com/low.php?wp_id=WHO_R_ICP]. 6 May 2003.

99.       TAG/Graffiti information. www.workoutltd.org/tag_graffiti/tag_graffiti.htm. 26 August 2002.

100.     TAG/Graffiti information. www.workoutltd.org/tag_graffiti/ganggraffiti.htm. 26 August 2002.

101.     TAG/Graffiti information. www.workoutltd.org/tag_graffiti/taggigngraffiti.htm. 26 August 2002.

102.     Ancient graffiti may display oldest alphabet. www.trussel.com/prehist/news170.htm; 1 December; 1999. 10 September 2002.

103.     Roman graffiti. www.christa.coe.ohio-state.edu/keister.4/graffiti.htm. 10 December 2002.

104.     Life in the vandal squad. www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/transportation/vandals.html. 2 December 2004.

105.     Bellomy, DA. Barrio script Mexican-American gang writing. #0771 [QDRAC]; June; 1986.

106.     Black street gangs' organization and subculture. #1983 [QDRAC].

107.     Guide for reading hispanic youth gang graffiti. #2035 [QDRAC].

108.     Mister cartoon's tattoo empire. www.npr.org/display_pages/features/feature_895768.html; 1 January; 2003. 1 January 2003.

109.     Seattle Police Department, Major Crimes Unit. ; 2001.

110.     Blake, M. I had a case: barrio script writing [Southwestern Association of Forensic Document Examiners]. Las Vegas, Nevada, 13-15 October; 1995.

111.     Olsen, D. Analysis of criminal codes and ciphers. www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/backissu/jan2000/olson.htm. Forensic science communicaitons 2 (1), January; 2000. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 9 February 2003.

112.     Bureau of Alcohol, TaF. Outlaw motorcycle gangs; 2002.

113.     California Bureau of Investigation. Outlaw motorcycle gangs; 2001.

114.     Taggers and gang graffiti. http://schule.inka.de/amg/faecher/english/la-gangs/Taggersandgraf.html. 3 December 2004.

115.     Alonso, AA. Crips and bloods. www.nagia.org/Crips_and_Bloods.htm. 3 December 2004.

116.     Valdez, A. Hispanic gangs. www.nagia.org/Hispanic_Gangs.htm. 4 December 2004.